Influence of heat treatment on synthesis of stoichiometric perovskite PbTiO3 nanostructure via hydrothermal method

In this research, the stoichiometric perovskite lead titanate (PbTiO3) nanostructurewas synthesized successfully by the hydrothermal method. The effect of heattreatment of the autoclave and the furnace on the structure of this materialwas investigated. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and leadoxide (PbO), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) were used as the titanium and lead sources,respectively. The negative amount of the Gibbs free energy shows the reactivityof the reaction at room temperature. Characterization of PbTiO3 was carried outusing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The amount of lead titanate increased by raisingthe temperature of the autoclave. The objective of this research was developingthe hydrothermal method to produce the phase-pure lead titanate at lowertemperatures; also the effect of the precursor materials and heat treatment onmorphology and crystal grows the development of PbTiO3 nanopowders wereinvestigated. There are not any secondary phases when the sample was calcinedat high temperatures. It seemed that heating in the furnace in a longer periodand higher temperatures could affect the size of the crystallites. The powder washeated at 1200 oC had the larger grains and the ferroelectric domains that maycause the lowering of the dielectric constant.